Media Contributed by Rick
The White Tower of Thessaloniki On the edge of Nikis Avenue, a prominent Ottoman addition to the city walls, built in 1430 and rebuilt in 1535, and symbol of the city
City wall in Thessaoloniki, Greece The eastern city wall of Thessalonica, with the Thermaic Gulf in the background (2012)
Map of the southern Balkans and western Anatolia in 1410
Ottoman and other Turkish territories are marked in shades of brown, Byzantine territory in pink, and Venetian and Venetian-influenced areas in green
By Constantine Plakidas - Own work using:Basic map sources:Haldon, John "various maps" in Palgrave Atlas of Byzantine HistoryHugh Kennedy, Historical Atlas of Islam, Map 11.3 "Byzantium’s Balkan neighbours 1350-1453: Serbs, Bulgars and Turks."'"Atlas to Freeman's Historical Geography, Map of south-eastern Europe in 1401 ADSouthern Greece and Latin states in the Aegean and the Balkans:Miller, William (1908) The Latins in the Levant, a History of Frankish Greece (1204–1566), Category:New York: E.P. Dutton and CompanySetton, Kenneth M. (1976) The Papacy and the Levant (1204–1571), Volume I: The Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries, Philadelphia: The American Philosophical Society ISBN: 0-87169-114-0.Epirus, Albania, Montenegro:Nicol, Donald M. (1984) The Despotate of Epiros 1267-1479: A Contribution to the History of Greece in the Middle Ages, Cambridge University Press ISBN: 9780521261906.Brendan Osswald, L'Epire du treizième au quinzième siècle: autonomie et hétérogénéité d'une région balkaniqueFine, John Van Antwerp (1994) The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press ISBN: 978-0-472-08260-5.Northern Greece:Vacalopoulos, Apostolos E. (1973) History of Macedonia 1354–1833, Thessaloniki: Institute for Balkan Studies OCLC: 220583971.Boundaries of the Byzantine Empire:Bakalopulos, A. (1962). "Les limites de l'empire byzantin depuis la fin du XIV' siècle jusqu'à sa chute (1453)". Byzantinische Zeitschrift 55 (1): 56–65. DOI:10.1515/byzs.1962.55.1.56.Dennis, George T. (1967). "The Byzantine–Turkish Treaty of 1403". Orientalia Christiana Periodica XXXIII: 72–88.specifically on the territories in Bithynia (Mesothynia/Gulf of Nicomedia):Shukurov, Rustam (2016) The Byzantine Turks (1204–1461), Leiden: Brill, pp. 147–156 ISBN: 978-90-04-30512-0.Foss, Clive (1996) Survey of Medieval Castles of Anatolia, Vol. II: Nicomedia, London: British Institute of Archaeology at Ankara, p. 46 ISBN: 978-1-8982-4907-8.Ottoman Empire and Anatolian beyliks:Kastritsis, Dimitris (2007) The Sons of Bayezid: Empire Building and Representation in the Ottoman Civil War of 1402-13, BRILL ISBN: 978-90-04-15836-8., CC BY-SA 4.0,
Sultan Murad II at archery practice miniature painting from 1584
Alexios IV Angelos The 146th imperial portrait in Mutinensis gr. 122
Alexios III Angelos The 145th imperial portrait in Mutinensis gr. 122
Map of the Byzantine, Ottoman and Serbian empires and their neighboring states, 1355 The Byzantine and Ottoman Empires within a year of the occupation of Gallipoli
