Byzantine cedes Thessalonica to Venetian Republic
09/1423 AD gave
Unable to provide manpower or resources for the city's defense (during the Ottoman siege) , its ruler, Andronikos Palaiologos, handed it over to the Republic of Venice.
The Venetians attempted to persuade the Sultan to recognize their possession, but failed as Murad considered the city his by right and the Venetians to be interlopers. This impasse led to an Ottoman blockade of Thessalonica, which occasionally flared up with direct attacks on the city. At the same time, the conflict was mostly fought as a series of raids by both sides against the other's territories in the Balkans and the Aegean Islands. The Venetians repeatedly tried to apply pressure by blocking the passage of the Dardanelles at Gallipoli, with little success.
The blockade quickly reduced the inhabitants to near starvation, and led many to flee the city. The restrictions placed on them by the siege, the inability of Venice to properly supply and guard the city, the violations of their customary rights, and rampant profiteering by Venetian officials led to the formation of a pro-surrender party within the city, which gained strength among the inhabitants.
The city's metropolitan bishop, Symeon, encouraged his flock to resist. However, by 1426, with Venice's inability to secure peace on its own terms evident, a majority of the local population had come to prefer a surrender to avoid the pillage that would accompany a forcible conquest. Venice's efforts to find allies against the Ottomans also failed: the other regional potentates either pursued their own course, were themselves antagonistic to the Venetians, or were defeated by the Ottomans.
Subjects Who or What gave?
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Byzantine Empire Traditionally begins wit...
Objects To Whom or What was gave?
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Venice (Republic of Venice, Venetian Republic, La Serenissima) A sovereign state and ma...
Attachments
Map of the southern Balkans and western Anatolia in 1410
Ottoman and other Turkish territories are marked in shades of brown, Byzantine territory in pink, and Venetian and Venetian-influenced areas in green
By Constantine Plakidas - Own work using:Basic map sources:Haldon, John "various maps" in Palgrave Atlas of Byzantine HistoryHugh Kennedy, Historical Atlas of Islam, Map 11.3 "Byzantium’s Balkan neighbours 1350-1453: Serbs, Bulgars and Turks."'"Atlas to Freeman's Historical Geography, Map of south-eastern Europe in 1401 ADSouthern Greece and Latin states in the Aegean and the Balkans:Miller, William (1908) The Latins in the Levant, a History of Frankish Greece (1204–1566), Category:New York: E.P. Dutton and CompanySetton, Kenneth M. (1976) The Papacy and the Levant (1204–1571), Volume I: The Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries, Philadelphia: The American Philosophical Society ISBN: 0-87169-114-0.Epirus, Albania, Montenegro:Nicol, Donald M. (1984) The Despotate of Epiros 1267-1479: A Contribution to the History of Greece in the Middle Ages, Cambridge University Press ISBN: 9780521261906.Brendan Osswald, L'Epire du treizième au quinzième siècle: autonomie et hétérogénéité d'une région balkaniqueFine, John Van Antwerp (1994) The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press ISBN: 978-0-472-08260-5.Northern Greece:Vacalopoulos, Apostolos E. (1973) History of Macedonia 1354–1833, Thessaloniki: Institute for Balkan Studies OCLC: 220583971.Boundaries of the Byzantine Empire:Bakalopulos, A. (1962). "Les limites de l'empire byzantin depuis la fin du XIV' siècle jusqu'à sa chute (1453)". Byzantinische Zeitschrift 55 (1): 56–65. DOI:10.1515/byzs.1962.55.1.56.Dennis, George T. (1967). "The Byzantine–Turkish Treaty of 1403". Orientalia Christiana Periodica XXXIII: 72–88.specifically on the territories in Bithynia (Mesothynia/Gulf of Nicomedia):Shukurov, Rustam (2016) The Byzantine Turks (1204–1461), Leiden: Brill, pp. 147–156 ISBN: 978-90-04-30512-0.Foss, Clive (1996) Survey of Medieval Castles of Anatolia, Vol. II: Nicomedia, London: British Institute of Archaeology at Ankara, p. 46 ISBN: 978-1-8982-4907-8.Ottoman Empire and Anatolian beyliks:Kastritsis, Dimitris (2007) The Sons of Bayezid: Empire Building and Representation in the Ottoman Civil War of 1402-13, BRILL ISBN: 978-90-04-15836-8., CC BY-SA 4.0,
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