Cantino planisphere 1502 — Named after Alberto Cantino, who smuggled it from Portugal to Italy in 1502, while spying for the Duke of Ferrara: It is the earliest surviving chart showing explorations of Columbus to Central America, Corte-Real to Newfoundland, Gama to India and Cabral to Brazil.
Photo Credit: By anonymous Portuguese (1502) - Biblioteca Estense Universitaria, Modena, Italy, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=26117950